The Combination of Diabetic Foot Exercises and Warm Water Foot Soak for Unstable Blood Glucose Levels Nursing Problems in Elderly

Liana Putri Agustina; Fahruddin Kurdi; Ni Ketut Ardhani

doi:10.58545/jkmi.v4i2.340

Authors

Liana Putri Agustina Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember, Indonesia
Fahruddin Kurdi Department of Community, Family & Gerontic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-2637
Ni Ketut Ardhani Health Office of Jember, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58545/jkmi.v4i2.340

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a vital health disease to pay attention to in the elderly population. When compared to individuals without diabetes, the older adult with DM loses muscle mass faster and has more comorbidities such as hypertension. Another common complication of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy, which causes tingling and numbness in the extremities. One method for managing diabetes is to combine diabetes foot exercises with a warm water foot soak. This study aimed to see how diabetic foot exercises and warm water foot soak affected blood glucose levels and foot sensitivity in the older adult with diabetes. This research was a case study, and the research subject was an older adult with diabetes mellitus. Random blood glucose levels and foot sensitivity were measured using a glucometer and monofilament test. Client’s average blood glucose levels decreased from 239.25 mg/dL to 235.75 mg/dL. Foot sensitivity points have increased from 8 points on the right foot and 7 points on the left foot to 9 points on the right foot and 8 points on the left foot. A combination of diabetic foot exercises and warm water foot soak can reduce blood glucose levels and increase the sensitivity of the feet of older adults with diabetes. The combination of these two therapies can be complementary to pharmacological therapy for older adults with diabetes.

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot Exercise, Warm Water Foot Soak

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Diabetes Association. (2020). Older adults: Standards of medical care in diabetes- 2020. Diabetes Care, 43(January), S152–S162. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S012

American Diabetes Association. (2022). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes : Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — 2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl. 1), 17–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S002

Ariyanto, T., Nurharlinah, N., Riyanto, A., Inayah, Ii., & Safarina, L. (2024). Intervensi senam kaki berdasarkan self care terhadap sensitifitas kaki pasien diabetes melitus. Jurnal of Telenursing, 6(1), 587–594.

Arvita, G. (2024). Penerapan senam kaki terhadap sensitivitas kaki dan kadar gula darah penderita diabetes melitus tipe II di UPTD Puskesmas Purwosari. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 4(2), 238–245.

Astuti, N. L. S., Fridayanti, M., Wisnawa, I. N. D., & Astawa, I. G. S. (2023). The Influence of Diabetic Foot Exercise On Foot Sensitivity Of Diabetes Mellitus Patient Type 2. Babali Nursing Research, 4(4), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.37363/bnr.2023.44229

Cahyandari, R., & Ibrahim, R. A. (2024). The Impact of Diabetic Foot Exercises and Warm Water Foot Soaking Intervention. International Journal of Health, Medicine, and Sports, 2(2), 46–50.

Cheng, J. L., & MacDonald, M. J. (2019). Effect of heat stress on vascular outcomes in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(3), 771–781. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00682.2018

Cramer, M. N., Gagnon, D., Laitano, O., & Crandall, C. G. (2022). Human Temperature Regulation Under Heat Stress in Health, Disease, and Injury. Physiological Reviews, 102(4), 1907–1989. https://doi.org/10.1152/PHYSREV.00047.2021

Dihongo, L. M., & Sonhaji. (2024). Penerapan Senam Kaki Diabetes Mellitus Pada Penurunan Gula Darah Keluarga Dengan Lansia Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Kelurahan Kramas Rt 2 Rw 3 Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (JKMI), 1(2), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.62017/jkmi.v1i2.807

Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

Fatihaturahmi, F., Yuliana, Y., & Yulastri, A. (2023). Literature Review : Penyakit Degeneratif : Penyebab, Akibat, Pencegahan Dan Penanggulangan. JGK: Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 3(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.36086/jgk.v3i1.1535

Ghosh, A. R., Adhyapak, S., Yangad, S., & Salvi, R. (2022). Examine the effect of warm foot bath on fatigue, quality of sleep and fasting blood sugar level among diabetic older adults in selected hospital, Pune. Specialusis Ugdymas, 1(43), 6835–6843.

Graciella, V., & Prabawati, D. (2020). The Effectiveness of Diabetic Foot Exercise to Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms and Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 30(Ichd), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201125.008

Hu, Q., Zhu, W., Zhu, Y., Zheng, L., & Hughson, R. L. (2012). Acute effects of warm footbath on arterial stiffness in healthy young and older women. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(4), 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2066-1

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian RI. https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/19093000001/penyakit-jantung-penyebab-kematian-terbanyak-ke-2-di-indonesia.html

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Pedoman Pelayanan Kefarmasian Pada Diabetes Melitus. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Kurnia, E., & Fitri, D. E. (2023). Penerapan Kombinasi Senam Kaki dan Rendam Air Hangat terhadap Sensitivitas Kaki Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Pustaka Keperawatan, 2(1), 27–32.

Liang, C. C., Hsu, W. C., Tsai, Y. Te, Weng, S. J., Yang, H. P., & Liu, S. C. (2020). Healthy life expectancies by the effects of hypertension and diabetes for the middle aged and over in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124390

Lumowa, Y., & Rayanti, R. (2024). Pengaruh Usia Lanjut terhadap kesehatan Lansia. Jurnal Keperawatan, 16(1), 363–372.

Maruhashi, T., & Higashi, Y. (2021). Pathophysiological association between diabetes mellitus and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081306

Mataputun, D. R., Prabawati, D., & Tjandrarini, D. H. (2020). Efektivitas Buerger Allen exercise dibandingkan dengan rendam kaki air hangat terhadap nilai ankle brachial index dan gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 3(3), 253–266.

Meza, C. A., La Favor, J. D., Kim, D. H., & Hickner, R. C. (2019). Endothelial dysfunction: Is there a hyperglycemia-induced imbalance of NOX and NOS? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153775

Oh, J. (2020). Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of diabetic neuropathies. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 35(5), 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2020.202

Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. (2021). Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia 2021. PB PERKENI.

Permatasari, K. D., Ratnawati, D., & Anggraini, N. V. (2020). Efektifitas Terapi Kombinasi Senam Kaki dan Rendam Air Hangat Terhadap Sensitivitas Kaki Pada Lansia Dengan Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal JKFT, 5(2), 16–25.

Putra, E. N., Setiawati, E., Marijo, M., & Supatmo, Y. (2024). The effectiveness of foot exercise and hydrotherapy on blood sugar levels in elderly. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 13(1), 21–25.

Romero, S. A., Gagnon, D., Adams, A. N., Cramer, X. M. N., Kouda, K., & Crandall, C. G. (2017). Acute limb heating improves macro- and microvascular dilator function in the leg of aged humans. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 312(1), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00519.2016

Rosyid, L. S., & Angraini, N. A. (2022). The effect of foot exercise on lower extremity sensory neuropathy status and blood glucose levels patients type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lux Mensana, 1(4), 261–271.

Sloan, G., Selvarajah, D., & Tesfaye, S. (2021). Pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(7), 400–420. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00496-z

Sola, D., Rossi, L., Piero, G., Schianca, C., Maffioli, P., Bigliocca, M., Mella, R., Corlianò, F., Fra, G. P., Bartoli, E., & Derosa, G. (2015). Sulfonylureas and their use in clinical practice. Archives of Medical Science, 11(4), 840–848. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2015.53304

Soo, J., Raman, A., Lawler, N. G., Goods, P. S. R., Deldicque, L., Girard, O., & Fairchild, T. J. (2023). The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123(6), 1147–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05135-1

Sukartini, T., Asmoro, C. P., & Alifah, P. N. (2019). The Influence of Diabetic Foot Exercise in Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy with Monofilament Test on Diabetes Mellitus Clients. Jurnal Ners, 14(3 Special Issue), 340–344. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3(si).17263

Yulianti, L. D., & Armiyati, Y. (2023). Penurunan kadar gula darah pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 2 dengan senam kaki DM: Studi Kasus. Holistic Nursing Care Approach, 3(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.26714/hnca.v3i2.12846