The Relationship Between High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58545/jrcnp.v3i2.576

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. Dyslipidemia, especially low High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease risk in T2DM. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as the standard biomarker for long-term glycemic control. Previous studies suggested an inverse relationship between HDL and HbA1c, but results remain inconsistent, and limited evidence exists from Indonesian primary care settings. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between HDL cholesterol and HbA1c levels in T2DM patients at a primary healthcare center in Batu City, Indonesia. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional retrospective design was conducted. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of T2DM patients at Puskesmas Sisir, Batu City, in July 2025. A total of 79 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included through total sampling. Laboratory results of HDL (mg/dL) and HbA1c (%) were analyzed. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among the 79 respondents, most were aged 45–65 years (50.6%) and female (77.2%). The mean HDL level was 45.3 ± 8.2 mg/dL, while the mean HbA1c level was 8.2 ± 1.5%. Correlation analysis indicated a weak negative association between HDL and HbA1c (r = –0.132, p = 0.246). Although higher HDL levels tended to correspond with lower HbA1c values, the relationship was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of community nurses in integrating routine HbA1c and lipid profile monitoring into T2DM follow-up visits, promoting holistic cardiovascular risk assessment even when individual biomarkers show weak associations.

Keywords:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hgh density lipoprotein cholestero, Glycated hemoglobin, Primary Health Care, Cardiovascular risk

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Author Biographies

Setyoadi Setyoadi, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Dina Dewi Sartika Lestari Ismail, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Annisa Wuri Kartika, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Dewi Purnama Sari, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Angel Dwi Septian, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Adelina Stefanie Lallo, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Rara Kurniasari, Brawijaya University

Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

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Published

2025-09-25

How to Cite

Setyoadi, S., Ismail, D. D. S. L., Kartika, A. W., Sari, D. P., Septian, A. D., Lallo, A. S., & Kurniasari, R. (2025). The Relationship Between High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Journal of Rural Community Nursing Practice, 3(2), 234–249. https://doi.org/10.58545/jrcnp.v3i2.576

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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September

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