Warm Compress Therapy to Resolved Acute Pain Nursing Problems: A Case Study

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
The application of warm compress therapy to overcome nursing problems is still not optimal. The limitations of the application of the intervention are caused by several factors such as the application of therapy by nurses to patients which is rarely done and education about therapy to patients (Zhu, 2023). Nurses only focus on conventional treatment with pharmacological therapies such as painrelieving analgesic drugs, while complementary therapies are still not a priority treatment (Nejad, 2020). patients (Wang, 2022). The results of a study in Portugal showed that giving warm compresses to intervention group respondents was found to be as much as 47% higher effectiveness than the group that did not get therapy, which was 26.3% (Rodrigues, 2022). The results of a study in China that the administration of warm compresses to patients with postpartum urinary barrage nursing problems as many as 600 samples of the intervention group showed effective (Zhu, 2023). The results of a study in Indonesia on a sample of 11 people with complaints of abdominal colic who were given warm compress intervention showed effective and can relieve pain experienced by patients (Hadinata, 2022). The results of research in Indonesia show that giving warm compress intervention to a sample of 2 respondents can be effective and beneficial for patients (Triani, 2022).
Warm compress therapy that is not applied properly basically has several obstacles such as too many patients to handle, the availability of tools and materials to do therapy, the imbalance in the number of nurses with patients, and relying only on conventional medicine (Wang, 2022

Variable and Analysis
The variables of this study were acute pain and warm compress therapy. The analysis in this study uses the nursing care process consisting of nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing implementation and nursing evaluation.  The main complaint of patients says pain.

Characteristics
-P: pain due to enlarged liver and pain when pressed -Q: pain disappears -R: pain in the hypochondriac area of dextra and lumbar dextra -S: pain scale 7 -T: pain appears erratic Focus on physical assessment: -Head by inspection: pale yellowish face, grimace if stomach pressed and restless, no eye contact with nurse. -Abdomen by inspection: abdominal distention appears, skin color is slightly evenly yellow. Auscultation: there is intestinal noise 32 times per minute. Palpation: there is tenderness in the hypochondriac dextra and lumbar dextra. Percussion: hyperthympany sounds are heard in the epigastric and umbilical regions. -Supporting examination: on the ultrasound photo shows the results of hepatosplenomegaly, ascites. Nursing Diagnosis (PPNI, 2017) Acute pain associated with physiological injury agents (colic abdomen) characterized by the patient complaining of pain, the patient says pain, P: pain due to enlarged liver and pain when pressed, Q: pain disappears, R: pain in the hypochondriac dextra and lumbar dextra areas, S: pain scale 7, T: pain appears erratic. The patient's face appears to grimace if the stomach is pressed, is protective by not moving much so as not to hurt, appears restless, has difficulty sleeping and often wakes up. Nursing intervention (PPNI, 2018)

DISCUSSIONS
In  (Kemenkes, 2022). Similar studies also found that cases were also experienced by male patients aged 47 years (Vony, 2023). namely dry compresses using bottles and wrapped in cloth or towels (Yuda, 2021).
Another study results that dry compress intervention with temperature indicators in the range of 40-50C (Wang, 2022).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.